HOW A TOURBILLON WATCH WORKS

The tourbillon has been around for a long time and was patented by watch making master Abraham Louis Breguet in (who founded Breguet watches that is still around today and owned by the Swatch Group) in 1795 and patented 1801. That patent has long since expired. Tourbillon is French for "whirlwind." This is because the mechanism literally spins on itself. Breguet's ideas was essentially to house a clock within a clock. While this characterization is a bit off realistically speaking, you have a balance wheel (that rotates), rotating on itself. If you understand the concept of a balance wheel, you know that it does not just turn endlessly in one direction. Rather, it moves in a back and forth manner, like a revolving pendulum. This is often referred to as balance wheel oscillation. In fact, a balance wheel is a pendulum, and the consistency of its back and forth rotations are the basis for mechanical watch movement accuracy. So a tourbillon is a balance wheel that itself rotates, but the balance wheel rotates in one direction (not oscillation), and it typically make full rotation every 60 seconds, but sometimes every 30 seconds. For this reason, the tourbillon is often used at the seconds counter when it is used in a watch. A convenient way of putting in a seconds counter.

The main idea behind why a tourbillon is supposed to work, is that the balance wheel rotates to all positions equaling out the effect gravity might have on it being stuck in one position. So if the balance wheel is constantly moving, then minor deviations here and there will be canceled out. Again, this was the theory, and it has not necessarily been shown to actually work, or make a difference when it comes to watch accuracy. Most watch makers actually agree that even if the tourbillon perfectly cancels out rate affecting effects of gravity on a balance wheel, this is not the key to ensuring accuracy. As such, tourbillon watches are far from the most accurate watches around.

I must admit when I first learned of tourbillon watches I was under the impression that they must be the most accurate mechanical watches out there. I now know this is not true, but I also know that they are simply not very accurate at all. The migration of the tourbillon from pocket watches to wrist watches was instigated by a few of the most expensive and complex watch makers purely for "I can do it" prestige. Audemars Piguet and Blancpain, among others headed this movement. The first tourbillon-based watches were interesting, but lacked much of what people needed in a watch. They were delicate, manually-wound, and often not very easy to read. Later, automatic tourbillon movements arrived along with a number of aesthetic and functional variations, but of course the nature of the movement provided that it would always be delicate. As such tourbillons will always remain mechanical art and objects of curiosity, rather than watch improving technological innovations.

There are really only two reasons for a tourbillon based watch, and neither of them have anything to do with increased accuracy or reliability. First is visual interest. A tourbillon is cool to look at. It is always moving and really makes the watch seem more alive. This is especially true with the multi-axis tourbillon movements with their constant gyration. The visual splendor is there, but arguably not worth the incredible premium. The second reason to have a tourbillon watch is pure showiness and prestige. These are very complex watches, with unorthodox movements in areas much smaller that traditionally required for a tourbillon. It is basically saying to people, "look, I can afford a watch that has a lot more moving parts than your watch, doesn't it just look really complicated!" I am not saying this is a bad reason, but again, the cost of entrance into the tourbillon club, at least for a decent quality one is so high, it is almost ridiculous. While there many tourbillon options out there, the average price for them is between $50,000 and $90,000. You can get a good quality certified chronometer watch for about $2,000. There are also cheap no-name watches that call themselves tourbillon watches, but really are not. There is no governing agency ready to shut down rogue watch makers. Just don't expect that a $50 "Classic Tourbillon Extreme" on eBay is anything close to what a tourbillon really is.

A cynic would describe modern tourbillon watches as a gimmick. Most dedicated tests on tourbillon movements found that they are not particularly useful, and if they do counter gravity as promised, what that does, is not particularly clear, nor it is clear if it means anything at all on a wrist watch versus a pocket watch. What is clear however is that they are extremely complex to develop and manufacture. Each tourbillon must be carefully assembled by hand, and is a pleasure to look at. It is a marvel to see the balance wheel moving around in what seems like a disconnected way, yet it is still powering the watch. Further still, multi-axis tourbillons are almost addictive to look while viewing the obvious complexity and intrigue of the movement. Still, is that worth the money for most people? The answer there is probably clear. So tourbillons are interesting and cool, but no one really needs one. If you have the money and want a technically sophisticated watch to tout around, then you will be doing yourself a favor by opting for a watch with a tourbillon movement. You have lots of options to choose from.